Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor – GIST

Overview

A tumor begins when normal cells begin to change and grow, forming a mass. A tumor can be benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous, meaning it can spread to other parts of the body).
A gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a type of tumor that occurs in the gastrointestinal (GI or digestive) tract, including the esophagus, stomach, gallbladder, liver, small intestine, colon, and rectum. GIST is different from other types of gastrointestinal tumors because of the type of tissues in which it starts. Originally, GISTs were thought to be either muscle or nerve tumors, but recent research points to GISTs starting in cells found in the walls of the GI tract, called interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC); these cells send signals to the GI tract to help move food and liquid through the system.

GISTs belong to a group of cancers called soft tissue sarcoma. Soft tissue sarcomas are a group of cancers that develop in the tissues that support and connect the body, and the sarcoma cells resemble the cells that hold the body together, including fat cells, muscles, nerves, tendons, joints, blood vessels, or lymph vessels.

It is important to note that GISTs can be either benign or malignant. Sometimes it may be hard for the doctor to tell immediately whether a GIST is cancerous. As a result, the doctor will look at many factors to determine the best treatment, including the size of the tumor, whether it is spreading, how many dividing cells there are, and the tumor’s location.

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